Alcoholism
Alcoholic intoxication – a morbid condition arising in a consequence of influence of ethanol on the central excitatory system. The alcohol systemic effect is characterised by oppression of function of the central excitatory system, and euphoria arising at the initial stages and excitation are signs of weakening of brake mechanisms TSNS. In the course of alcoholic intoxication it is oppressed not only cerebral cortex function, but also subcortical frames (a cerebellum, basal kernels, a brainstem)
Distinguish three degrees of alcoholic intoxication: light, centre and serious which are characterised by progressive increase of mental and neurologic symptoms invoked by narcotic and toxic action of ethanol. Degree of alcoholic intoxication depends on an organism sensibility to ethanol and from a dose of the drunk alcohol. The semiology varies from depression of the critical attitude to own actions, superficial thinking, discrepancy of movements and a behaviour disinhibition (at light degree of intoxication) before loss of contact to associates, a rasping ataxia (disturbance of movements) and sopor and coma offensive at a serious poisoning
Alcoholism the Alcoholism – narcotic mental and physical dependence on the alcoholic beverages, characterised by a pathological addiction to the use of alcoholic beverages and an alcoholic lesion of an internal. In most cases at an alcoholism there is a degradation of the person as persons; loss intrinsic “I”.
The alcoholism is characterised by strong mental and physical dependence on alcohol (alcoholic dependence) that speaks alcohol incorporation in system of a metabolism of an organism. The basic signs of an alcoholism are:
- Strong desire to take alcohol, even in improper conditions, dependence on alcohol.
- Control loss over alcohol method.
- Presence of signs of an alcoholic lesion of an internal (a liver, a brain, heart).
- Mental disturbances inherent to an alcoholism.
Alcoholism as the pathology, takes place some stages of development which are characterised by gradual augmentation of alcoholic dependence, reduction of possibility of self-checking concerning the use of alcoholic beverages and as progressive development of the various somatic disturbances invoked by a chronic intoxication by alcohol. The most simple classification of an alcoholism is based on presence of clinical and mental signs of alcoholic dependence, and also frequency and quantity of used alcohol.
Distinguish following groups of persons:
- Persons not taking alcohol;
- Persons moderately consuming alcohol;
- Persons abusing alcohol (development of alcoholic dependence);
- Without alcoholism signs;
- With initial signs of an alcoholism;
- With the expressed signs of an alcoholism;
From above resulted classification, it is possible to notice that alcoholic dependence educes from casual episodes of the use of alcohol before alcoholism development
The social injury from an alcoholism is huge: monogynopaediums break up, lifetime of the person contracts, the criminality grows, intellectual level of a society drops. The alcoholism makes essential negative impact on quality of a gene pool of the nation. Children of alcoholics have the depressed mental potential, suffer various illnesses of the central excitatory system that normal development of a society as a whole finally inhibits.
In alcoholism treatment excrete some key methods.
Medicamental treatment – is applied to depressing of alcoholic dependence and elimination of disturbances invoked by a chronic drunkenness.
Methods of psychologic influence on the patient – help to fix the negative attitude of the patient to alcohol and to prevent palindromias.