Arecoline
The arecoline (arecoline) contains in a palm tree foetus (areca catechu) which grows practically in all terrain of South East Asia. The evergreen palm tree, grows to 30 metres in height and scope of a crone to 5 metres. A straight line fulcrum, thin; leaves dark green, plumose, disarticulated, to 2 metres at the length, irregularly jagged on the extremities; flowers are on an excrescence; the foetus – ooid, from yellow to orange, inside has one brown “grain” of the pencil-point form.
The plant is precinctive for Indonesia where grows everywhere in a feral kind. Prefers nutritious, wet bedrock, well grows in the protected, slightly shaded place. It is very sensitive to a drought and a cold. Propagates seeds which are viable only in flow of couple of weeks after the collecting.
If to chop a fresh foetus of a palm tree in it there will be the jelly-like substance saturated with essential oils, having a characteristic pungent smell and taste. The jelly-like mass stiffens in due course, forming solid “kernel” which call an areca walnut (as at the use, a foetus of an areca palm tree, turn in leaves of an evergreen the betel nut).
The areca walnut, in time dimension in two is less than Persian walnut. If to thrust in a mouth the whole walnut, you will become similar to the patient with a parulis, therefore before the use it kibble on scraps by means of special scissors. The remained corrugated slices of a walnut routinely add to tobacco for smoking.
The arecoline content in an areca walnut fluctuates between 0.3 % and 0.6 %.
The arecoline in the form of “moma” is used. In moma chewing is engaged to 10 % of the earth population, especially it falls into to Pacific region. It is used for ritual and daily chewing. It chew for simplification of dialogue. A habit to chew a moma eurysynusic across Asia, India and on Pacific region doing a moma, thus, by one of the most popular stimulants in the world.
The moma consists of five components:
1. An admixture of small scraps of an areca walnut. The walnut excretes tannins which imbue your oral cavity in fiery colour.
2. Leaves of the betel nut – plants from the family of pepper family similar to the long liana. Leaves in size about a palm. Original connatural analogue of the European power beverages – they render tonic and slightly exciting action on your organism. Moreover, the in itself areca walnut possesses so specific taste what to chew it longly-.
3. A chalkstone, or quicklime. On Philippines instead of it often use the sea conchas processed in fine sand or a shell rock. In a moma it acts in an accelerator role. Under the influence of a saliva lime promotes arecoline allocation. As it is known that lime translates an arecoline in the establishment form that finally enhances stimulating effect. Without lime to suck the betel nut is useless.
4. A tobacco leaf which except the peculiar flavour excretes also to all of us a known nicotine. All components of a moma turn in a tobacco leaf. A nicotine, getting to an organism through gums, adds the special savour to all process: there is an effect together with an arecoline that explains why so the combination бетель+перец + tobacco is popular.
5. Spices, are added to taste: a cardamon, a nutmeg.
Prescriptions of a masticatory admixture it is separated from region to region, but presence of lime and pepper sheet is extremely desirable.
Generally, the admixture for chewing represents rather small lump – a walnut quarter.
The admixture handful can be put under tongue and to hold minute three without chewing and without engorging thus a saliva. Then all needs to be spat out – the saliva thus will be bright red colour and is similar to blood. It is possible to tell that a moma suck – seat between a cheek and a gum and from time to time roll by means of tongue from one place in another.
Preferences are defined by force of effect and taste of a walnut (which at a fresh walnut, it is necessary to notice, very sharp and knitting). Correctly prepared moma has unique, on the present exotic taste – an unusual combination of tastes of the earth and chocolate, an admixture fresh and spicy, sweet and bitter. It is quite possible to consider it as a natural dessert. In some monogynopaediums a moma prefer to chew after meal – that will take pleasure in its peculiar flavour.
The people, chewing the betel nut often spit out a red saliva on roadways and is simple to itself under feet. In days of old there were special cuspidors for the betel nut (in places public and in houses). And as though strongly you would not like it, at moma chewing it will not be possible to avoid a spittle – a hypersalivation such that from you simply whips. Asians fall into to spittles much easier, than Europeans – that is natural, is not ugly. They consider that thus your organism refines. Also receive from it huge pleasure.
History: do not try to find out, who the first has guessed to stir all these components, to write the prescription, and then to distribute to its different tribes and the people scattered on thousand and thousand kilometres from each other in Asia and on islands of Pacific ocean – has put this absolutely remediless. On a question why you chew the betel nut, any will answer you: because my grandfather chewed. I think that precisely such would be the answer both its grandfather, and the grandfather of that grandfather – on Philippines the betel nut is chewed by some millenia.
In Asia on roadways it is possible to see red spittles are a betel nut. By the way, and women, for some reason basically elderly, too do not disdain the betel nut – it is often possible to see them sitting near the houses with bright red smiles. Chew and rejoice. And here they are spat all the same less – it is visible, watch itself. Each aboriginal trucker in a glove compartment has a treasured saccule that in a hard time inadvertently not to fall asleep at the wheel.
If to try to draw analogies the moma for the Filipino, no less than for other Asian is as coffee with cognac for the European. Slightly cheers up, has palatability and has to conversation.
If you can happen in those edges and somebody from aboriginal will suggest you to chew the betel nut – do not take in head to refuse. In Asia it is a sign on respect and penetrating gratitude. Tear off a small scrap of areca sheet, put on it a walnut chunk, flavour with its pinch of tobacco, sprinkle with a chalkstone – curtail all into a tablet, and safely send it to itself for a cheek. The main thing that the tablet was not too big – differently become similar to a hamster. And you become at once “”. Smile. Suck. But do not engorge – it is fraught with a gastric disturbance. Also be spat, spat, spat! Rejoice and communicate. Reflect on meaning of the life, about what we all the same different and what we often similar. After all all of us with you – one blood, you and I.
Action:
Arecoline, soft vegetable stimulant, action it is similar to effect of a cup of very strong coffee, only without unpleasant gravity and a nausea. It gives forces, straightens a chest, cheers up, frames sensation of comfort. In the big doses the arecoline strongly inhibits process of thinking and promotes the contemplation reversed outside by means of sight.
Chewing of an areca walnut has enlarged frequency of palpitation in 2 minutes after the chewing beginning, maximum frequency is reached in 4-6 minutes, keeps in flow of 16 minutes. Kardiostimulirujushchee influence the most strongly pronounced at people trying the betel nut for the first time or using it is rare, rather than than at constant consumers. At chewing of the betel nut the skin temperature, with time characteristics similar to time characteristics of stimulating heart of action raises. Chewing of an areca walnut does not render any influence on a speed of response, but reduces time of response, a choice behaviour.
The moma sustains necessary acid-base balance of oral cavities – a prophylactic against caries.
The arecoline is used as an antihelminthic agent – against intestinal helminths.