Drug encyclopedia

Barbiturates - bunch of medicinal materials, derivative the barbituric acid, possessing the soporific, anticonvulsant and narcotic action caused by oppressing influence on the central excitatory system. Duration of action of various barbiturates is not identical that is bound to features of their turning into an organism and breeding from it (it is long reacting barbiturates are bred mainly by nephroses; barbiturates with short period of validity are blasted mainly in a liver). For reception soporific or abirritating (1/3-1/4 doses, invoking a sleep) effect apply drugs with long (phenobarbital, barbital-sodium), centre duration (Barbamylum, etaminal-sodium) and short (Hexobarbitalum) action, depending on character of disturbance of a sleep. Barbiturates introduce inside in powders and tablets, and also is intramuscular, intravenously (mainly for a narcosis) and through a rectum. Phenobarbital (luminal)

Phenobarbital (luminal) and Benzonalum accept in powders and tablets as anticonvulsants (at an epilepsy). Hexenalum, Thiobutalum and Thiopentalum-natrium apply to a narcosis. Barbiturates often combine with other abirritating, spasmolytic, cholinolytic and other agents. Barbiturates use in anesthesiology for preparation of the patient for a narcosis – pre-award introduction of barbiturates enhances action narcotic and anaesthetics. At long using of barbiturates there can be a habituation and predilection for them. Application of barbiturates sometimes invokes allergic, and also the perverted reactions – disturbing, excitation.

Barbiturates were included into medical practice in the twentieth century beginning. More than 2500 barbiturates have been synthesised and on peak of their popularity about 50 kinds were on sale for the use. For today only about a dozen from them strike root.

Barbiturate effects a wide spectrum of distresses of the central excitatory system, since weak abirritation and reaching a coma and the anaesthetic or an agent against convulsions is used as restful, soporific. As pristine distinguishing characters between barbiturate kinds following parametres serve: as quickly they attack and as effects from this influence are long.

Barbiturates are categorised on following kinds: short and short action, and also action of centre duration and long. Barbiturates of ultrashort action carry out soothing effects within low fidelity one minute after intravenous introduction.

These materials, mainly, are used for abirritation and a sleep call. Veterinary surgeons use Pentobarbitalum as an anaesthetic and an agent for an euthanizing (painless leaving from life).

Barbiturates of long influence happen the following: phenobarbital (luminal). Influence from these barbiturates occurs approximately in one hour and proceeds within 12 hours. Besides, they are used for abirritation in the afternoon and treatments of attacks or small uneasiness.

Barbiturates – soporific medicines to which at long application there is a habituation. Last years became a subject of heightened interest of glue sniffers. Barbiturates are similar on frame to the barbituric acid. In medicine the following from them – Barbamylum, phenobarbital (also named luminal) is most widely used. Abuse by barbiturates characteristicly for alcoholics and an opiomania. It can be bound that predilection to method of barbiturates is inherited on the same mechanism, as predilection to consumption of alcohol and opiates. Besides the basic medicinal effect, barbiturates invoke weak euphoria. Their this property involves the people abusing soporific more and more, and eventually to become for them end in itself. Without guessing in the majority danger of uncontrolled method of barbiturates, they can get to physical dependence on them. And be expressed this dependence can in the form of a tenacious abstinent syndrome. At a strong overdosage of barbiturates (more than 4-6 g for method) are possible lethal outcomes owing to a paralysis of a respiratory centre and coma development. It is necessary to consider that at too frequent method of barbiturates of their dose are summarised that frames serious threat for health even at method concerning low single doses.

Action of barbiturates to counterly action of amphetamines: they depress the central excitatory system. In small doses they react as tranquilizers, and in big they soporific. A sleep with barbiturates – an abnormal sleep since they depress all kinds of normal activity during a sleep.

Long method of soporific conducts to full psychologic alteration since at reason it is not necessary to a path to realise itself. Barbiturates invoke predilection to a suicide. Here again, as always with narcotics, it is necessary to know that you do.

“The consumer of barbiturates makes repellent impression. It does not have coordination, it is unsteady and drops from chairs in a bar, falls asleep in the middle of conversation, the nutrition falls out at it of a mouth. It is timid, grumbling and silly.”

Barbiturates are a sedative medicine. Routinely them register as soporific, but now their utilisation with that end in view almost it is completely stopped, though more weak representatives of this bunch, such as phenobarbital, can still be used for epilepsy treatment. And nevertheless, barbiturates occur from time to time. Routinely in a kind: amytal sodium – as a rule, sheath brilliant blues. Who would not be responsible for design of these sheaths, it undoubtedly possessed abilities to sale of drugs to hypochondriacs.

The first that it is necessary to understand about barbiturates is that these things are dangerous. I do not mean, are dangerous in sense “heroin you will kill”, I mean, seriously, are devilishly dangerous. It is clear enough to you? In the seventieth set of people died every year of a poisoning with barbiturates. Many of these people died simply having accepted them, as soporific.

Routinely all descends as follows. Drink a little to fall asleep. Then accept pair of sheaths of Nembutalum (barbiturate) and pour to itself in expectation of an operation of the medicine. After a while you do not remember, you have accepted sheaths or not so it is better to accept still a couple, that grass-snake precisely. Since morning find your corpse. Even if you have not choked with own vomiting, your breath was gradually retarded, not stopped yet at all.

Overdosage possibility strongly increases, if barbiturates to accept intravenously, instead of is oral. Basically barbiturates are used only by those people at whom switches are positioned in a regimen of automatic self-damage because this narcotic at all does not invoke pleasant sensations. In barbiturates there is no euphoric potential of opiates and the socially-smoothing properties bound to alcohol. They simply invoke black and empty oblivion and, in this quality will be always popular among the people so hating and the life that their behaviour is controlled by necessity to destroy possibility of thought and a self-rating. Make to itself the favour. Simply tell “is not present”.