Metamphetaminum history
Pervitinum has been synthesised for the first time in 1919 the Japanese scientist A.Ogata. In days of the Second World War it was used by German armies as a regular psychostimulant. For today is “a street” narcotic because of simplicity of manufacturing.
In 30-s’ years pharmacists of firm Temmler Werke in Berlin have developed an excitant Pervitinum (pervitin). Since 1938, material applied regularly and in the big doses, both in army, and in the defensive industry (Pervitinum tablets officially entered into “a fighting ration” pilots and tankmen).
In concentration camp Zaksenhauzen (Sachsenhausen) near Berlin at full speed there were tests of a new medicine against weariness – “energiepille”, the tablets carrying a charge of vivacity. It was the admixture of cocaine, Pervitinum. This new material should help crews of small submarines of phylum “Seehund” till 4 days to be in floating, conserving thus full battle readiness. To check drug action, it yielded prisoners of concentration camps. Marches-throws lasting many days forced to make people. For days it was necessary to pass 90 kilometres. On rest by the prisoner it was yielded no more than 2 hours per day. It is necessary to add that the pharmacists who have framed Pervitinum, after war have been taken out to the USA and took part in development of similar drugs for the American army. They were used both in Korean, and in Vietnamese wars.
Pervitinum used popularity and among leaders of the third Reich (together with cocaine). In particular, Hitler received injections of Pervitinum from the personal doctor (Dr. Teodora Morella) since 1936, and after 1943 – several times in day. A dose reached 10 tablets of Pervitinum a day. In passing to it injections eukoda) became. Accepting materials in such combination, the person very quickly sits down and to refuse cannot any more.
Last years the narcomania has reached wars of simply improbable scope though contradicted the official nazi of the ideology propagandising abstention and a healthy mode of life. For the opium or cocaine use it was possible to get to a concentration camp, and here Pervitinum let out and not only for needs of front. On sale even there were chocolate sweets with Pervitinum stuffing. It was called “panzerschokolade” – tank chocolate. Was considered even that Pervitinum less fatally, than coffee, affect an organism. Only after it became clear that growth of number of crimes and suicides among “Pervitinum consumers” is not casual that they are much more aggressive, other fellow citizens, the product has been withdrawn from sale and even is forbidden by Ministry of Health.
Pervitinum was applied in the USSR (40-60 years) in psychiatric practice to treatment of such illnesses as a narcolepsy as it was applied to treatment of depressions of a various parentage, before appearance of the first antidepressants (inhibitors MAO).
Pervitinum is popular among domestic narcoconsumers. In 60 in the USSR from mixture from a bronchial asthma, under the name Solutanum, have started to pulpify the screw (a handicraft agent containing метамфетамин+йод).
In 1985 in the illegal market of narcotics on Hawaii appearance of the new form of Metamphetaminum for smoking which represented crystalline Metamphetaminum, on outward similar to scraps of crystalline salt and received therefore “the street” name “ice” – “ice” for the first time has been noted. Very quickly “ice” has propagated on other countries of the world, but up to 1987 this fact has not been widely shined, and surveyed only as the aboriginal phenomenon.” Ice “is pure 98-100 % d-enantiomer Metamphetaminum hydrochloride. Depending on synthesis conditions receive”ice”of different quality. Purity and efficacyy of an agent judge on its colouring. Uncolored and transparent”ice”is” aqueous, or hydrated “the form, it quickly burns down, forming milky-white the residual. Yellow” ice “-” fat “the form, it burns down more slowly, forming the brown or black residual. Unlike marihuana or a crack”ice”has no odour and does not yield an odour at smoking, and it is one of the causes of growth of its popularity. Other cause of popularity is that”ice”yields the long effect lasting till 14 o’clock while, for example, the effect of a crack lasts all some minutes.
“Ice” smoke through glass tubes which on a design differ from tubes for a crack and marihuana. Tubes for a crack consist of 2 sections: in one the drug, in another – a cooling liquid contains. These sections are parted by the screen. Tubes for “ice” have only one section in which the material heats up. Routinely from above there is a foramen conducting in the main chamber, and a ventilating foramen. One of the signs, allowing to identify “the ice” consumer, traces from combustions on the dactyls, received are at closing of this foramen in the course of smoking.
In modern conditions in medicine practically it is not applied. It was applied at treatment of a narcolepsy, psychogenic depressions, alcoholic depressive psychoses and other diseases accompanied by drowsiness, flabbiness, an asthenia. Also it was applied to time elimination of sense of weariness, rising of physical and mental working capacity.