Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide (nitrogenium oxydulatum, N2O, laughing gas) – at standard temperature is uncolored nonflammable gas with a pleasant odour and sweetish tang, is more serious than air (relative density 1,527). Sometimes is called as “laughing gas”, because of the intoxicating effect effected by this gas.
Let’s solve in water (1:2). At 0°C and pressure of 30 atmospheres, and also at usual temperature and pressure of 40 atmospheres thickens in uncolored fluid. From 1 kg of liquid nitrous oxide 500 litres of gas are formed. Does not ignite, but sustains combustion. Admixtures with an Aether, Cyclopropanum, Aether chloratus in certain concentrations are explosive.
It is used basically as an agent for an inhalation narcosis, basically in a combination to other drugs (because of not enough strong anaesthetising action). At the same time it is possible to name this bond the most safe anaesthetic drug as after its application there are no almost complications.
Nitrous oxide is sometimes used for enriching of principal specifications of internal combustion engines. In case of automobile applications the material containing nitrous oxide, and fuel are injected in an inlet (absorbing) collector of the drive. Reduces temperature of air absorbed in the drive, providing a dense arriving charge of an admixture. Enlarges the oxygen content in an arriving charge (air contains only 22 % of oxygen by weight). Raises rate (intensity) of combustion in drive cylinders.
In medicine:
Narcosis with nitrous oxide application use in surgical practice, operative gynecology, surgical stomatology, and also for a labour pain relief. «A medical narcosis» with utilisation of an admixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen sometimes apply in the postoperative season to traumatic shock prophylaxis, and also for cupping of pain attacks at acute coronary insufficiency, a myocardial infarction, an acute pancreatitis and other pathological states accompanied by pains, not stopped usual agents.
Application and action:
When doctors do operation under nitrous oxide apply it in an admixture with oxygen, make a careful premedication with application of tranquilizers and relaxants. Thus the person practically passes a dyssociative stage and is almost nonpredatory disconnected (there is an oppression of the central excitatory system). The pure gas aspiration is absolutely another to (read). Psychoawake action of nitrous oxide is similar to similar action of toluene.
Nitrous oxide does not invoke a boring of respiratory tracts. In an organism it does not variate almost, to haemoglobin is not bound; is in the solved state in plasma. After the aspiration termination it is excreted (completely in 10-15 minutes) through respiratory tracts in not variated kind.
Apply nitrous oxide in an admixture with oxygen by means of special apparatus to a gas narcosis. Routinely begin with an admixture keeping 70-80 % of nitrous oxide and 30-20 % of oxygen, then quantity of oxygen enlarge to 40-50 %. If it is not possible to receive necessary depth of a narcosis, at concentration of nitrous oxide of 70-75 %, add more powerful narcotics: Ftorotanum, an Aether, barbiturates.
To fuller release phenomenon of a musculation apply relaxants, thus not only the release phenomenon of muscles strengthens, but also narcosis flow is enriched.
After a nitrous oxide stopping delivery follows, in order to avoid a hypoxia, to continue to yield oxygen within 4-5 minutes.
For a labour pain relief use a method with application by means of special narcotic apparatus of an admixture of nitrous oxide (40-75 %) and oxygen. The parturient woman starts to inhale an admixture at appearance of harbingers of scramble and concludes an aspiration at height of scramble or to its terminal.
For reduction of a contagious excitation, the nausea and vomiting prevention and potentiation of action of nitrous oxide the premedication intramuscular introduction of 0,5 %-s’ solutions of Diazepamum (Seduxenum, Sibazonum) in number of 1-2 ml (5-10 mg), 2-3 ml of 0,25 %-s’ solutions of Droperidolum (5,0-7,5 mg) is possible.
The medical narcosis (at a stenocardia and a myocardial infarction) is contraindicative by nitrous oxide at a serious illness of the excitatory system, an alcoholism, an alcohol intoxication (hallucinations are possible excitation,).