Opioids
Opioids fall into to the drugs changing a state of mind and perception of the surrounding.
Sometimes opioids invoke a sleep, but the loss of consciousness does not descend even at high doses.
Opiates have various chemical frame, but invoke similar enough effects,
Because all of them are bound to specific “opium” receptors.
Main effects of opiates are:
Soothing activity, strong reduction of pains of any parentage.
Ejforizirujushchaja activity, ability to invoke the special mental state of well-being and complacency. Depressing respiratory the brain centres.
Activation of parasympathetic system, narrowing of pupils.
Rising of a tonus of an intestine, constipations, spastic stricture of nonstriated muscles.
At long application activity of an opiate drops (tolerance).
Unpleasant effects at subitaneous cancellation of a drug (abstinence).
Opiates invoke psychologic and physical dependence (predilection).
By the chemical nature, character and mechanisms of pharmacological activity
Modern analgetics divide on two basic groups:
- Narcotic analgetics – Morphinum and alkaloids (opiates) close to it and the synthetic bonds possessing properties similar Morphinum.
- Nenarkotichesky analgetics – synthetic derivatives of Acidum salicylicum, pyrazyl ketone, aniline, etc.
Opiates are considered as most dangerous of all kinds of narcotics.